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  • Home
  • About
  • Classes
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Physics
    • Algebra I
    • Geometry
    • Algebra II
    • Pre-calculus
    • Economics & U.S. Gov
    • Principles of Engineering
    • Human Anatomy & Physiology
    • Business Management
  • SCHEDULE
  • CLASS FEES
  • REFERENCES
  • POLICIES
  • CONTACT

Unit 6: Chemical Bonds

Reading
BJU Chemistry book: Ch. 6 "Chemical Bonds"
AP Classroom: Unit 2 "Molecular and Ionic Compound Structure and Properties" (continued)
AP Princeton Review: Unit 2 (continued) ​
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Topics
  • Types of chemical bonds
  • Lewis structures
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Lab
  • ​Nitrogen Compounds lab
  • Density weblab

​Bombardier Beetle research assignment
Instructions below
Handout: chemical_bonding_chart - compares strengths of common bonds.pdf
File Size: 732 kb
File Type: pdf
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Below: Covalent bonding of two chlorine atoms. Once bonded, they both share 8 valence electrons. This is called an "octet". This forms a strong bond which is not easily broken. The two atoms have become a molecule of chlorine. 
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​Below: Ionic bonding of a sodium atom (Na) and a fluorine (F) atom. The sodium entirely gives up its outer valence electron so that both atoms now have 8 valence electrons. As a result of this electron transfer, sodium now becomes a "cation" with a +1 charge, and fluorine becomes an "anion" with a -1 charge. Since positive and negative charges attract one another, the two ions bond together in an 'ionic bond'. If this is carried out in water (aqueous solution) they stay apart from one another. If the water is evaporated, they form a crystal in the bottom of the beaker. We discuss "solutions" later in the course...
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Homework
See Canvas 
Ch._6_Chemical_Bonds_FRQ's_student_exemplar.pdf
File Size: 209 kb
File Type: pdf
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Nitrogen Compounds lab
We will make and test various nitrogen compounds. 
  • Nitrogen (N2) is the most prevalent element in "air", making up 78% of the earth's atmosphere. 
  • Nitrogen is the "lazy" element; it doesn't like to combine with anything else. You breath it in and out your whole life, and yet it does nothing in your lungs. 
  • You need nitrogen to make the amino acids necessary for you to live. All amino acids have nitrogen in them. 
  • Plants uptake nitrogen in the form of nitrates (NO3) and ammonium (NH4) found in the soil. Animals then eat the plants (and/or other animals) and get their nitrogen that way. 
nitrogen_compounds_lab_handout.pdf
File Size: 564 kb
File Type: pdf
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nitrogen_cmpds_lab_-_student_examples.pdf
File Size: 3323 kb
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​Bombardier Beetle research assignment
Research the following and submit a 1-1/2 to 2 page research paper: "The Bombardier Beetle uses an explosive discharge as a defensive measure. Explain and illustrate how this works and how this chases off the predator. Be sure to show the chemical reactions involved."
Bombardier Beetle research papers - student examples
File Size: 899 kb
File Type: pdf
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Pool Cubes density weblab (NOTE: Next year fix a couple of the questions)
0._density_weblab_-_pool_cubes_simulation.pdf
File Size: 199 kb
File Type: pdf
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