Unit 8: Chemical Composition & Reactions
Reading
BJU Chemistry: Ch. 8 "Chemical Composition and Reactions"
AP Classroom: Unit 4 "Chemical Reactions"
Topics
Labs (we will only do what we have time for)
Virtual labs which pertain to the topics covered
BJU Chemistry: Ch. 8 "Chemical Composition and Reactions"
AP Classroom: Unit 4 "Chemical Reactions"
Topics
- Types of chemical reactions
- Oxidation numbers
- Naming compounds
- Writing and balancing chemical equations
Labs (we will only do what we have time for)
- Copper Compounds lab. Make strikingly-colored compounds which illustrate virtually every topic in this chapter.
- Optional lab extension: Treatment of copper-contaminated water, with environmental case study.
- Optional lab: Separation of a Ternary Mixture
Virtual labs which pertain to the topics covered
- "Balancing Chemical Equations" PhET weblab
- "Reactants, Products, and Leftovers" PhET weblab (both these weblabs are excellent)
| 7._reactions_oxidation_numbers_lecture_notes.docx |
Chemical reaction: The Hot Wheels car is made of zinc diecast metal (Zn), which is easily attacked by nitric acid (HNO3). The entire 1 minute time lapse video is on the right. If someone brings a Hot Wheels car, we can try re-creating this during a regular lab session.
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Copper Compounds lab
This is a classic series of experiments done in chemistry labs since the beginning of chemistry labs. Remember to bring the lab handout!
Copper makes two kinds of salts:
This is a classic series of experiments done in chemistry labs since the beginning of chemistry labs. Remember to bring the lab handout!
Copper makes two kinds of salts:
- Cuprous salts (such as cuprous chloride, CuCl) are colorless.
- Cupric salts (such as cupric sulfate, CuSO4) have a range of bright blue colors.
- We can easily make several copper compounds which demonstrate synthesis, replacement, and decomposition reactions. The end results are usually brilliant blue, or greenish-blue, compounds that are pretty cool to look at.
| copper_compounds_lab_handout_with_equations_2pp.pdf |
| copper_compounds_lab_report_student_exemplar.docx |
| copper_compounds_lab_report_STUDENT EXEMPLAR.docx |
Optional lab extension: Treatment of Copper-Contaminated Water with Environmental Case Study
Environmental Science is an excellent platform for learning the principles of chemistry.
Procedure: Removal of dissolved copper contamination from water supplies using 1) electro-winning, and 2) hydroxide precipitation methods. For the electro-winning apparatus, we will use a 5V DC power supply with a carbon anode and steel high-surface-area reticulated cathode. For the hydroxide precipitation method, we will reference an EPA "heavy metals solubility chart" and raise the pH to the optimum level using Caustic Soda (NaOH) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) in a side-by-side comparison. Alum will then be added as a flocculant aid.
Environmental Science is an excellent platform for learning the principles of chemistry.
Procedure: Removal of dissolved copper contamination from water supplies using 1) electro-winning, and 2) hydroxide precipitation methods. For the electro-winning apparatus, we will use a 5V DC power supply with a carbon anode and steel high-surface-area reticulated cathode. For the hydroxide precipitation method, we will reference an EPA "heavy metals solubility chart" and raise the pH to the optimum level using Caustic Soda (NaOH) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) in a side-by-side comparison. Alum will then be added as a flocculant aid.
| 8._environmental__wastewater__case_study.docx |
| solubility_vs_ph_for_6_heavy_metals__from_epa_.png |
| effluent_guidelines__from_clean_water_act_2018_.docx |
| characteristics_of_electroplating_wastewater_in_india_2016.pdf |
Advanced lab: Separation of a Ternary Mixture
| separating_a_ternary_mixture_instructions.docx |
| separating_a_ternary_mixture_student_worksheet.docx |