Unit 8: Chemical Composition & Reactions
Reading
BJU: Ch. 8 "Chemical Composition and Reactions"
Topics
Labs
Memo: 2020-2021 labs will include hands-on and virtual, and may vary as the Covid-19 situation changes.
Here is a list of possible labs for this lesson. I will choose from this list when we get here.
BJU: Ch. 8 "Chemical Composition and Reactions"
Topics
- Oxidation numbers
- Naming compounds
- Writing chemical equations
- Five types of reactions
Labs
Memo: 2020-2021 labs will include hands-on and virtual, and may vary as the Covid-19 situation changes.
Here is a list of possible labs for this lesson. I will choose from this list when we get here.
- The "Copper Compounds lab" is our regular lab, but there are numerous virtual labs which cover the topics well. There are also labs you can do at home. We'll decide when we get here.
- The Copper Compounds lab is definitely the best one for this session, as it illustrates literally everything in the chapter. It's also fun to do. It requires supervision as it uses acid and caustic soda.
- To illustrate a single-replacement reaction, you could try dissolving a zinc Hotwheels car in nitric acid (see below). Warning: nitric acid is dangerous and burns just about everything it touches, including your clothing, your skin, and your parents' driveway. It also must be neutralized before disposal. If you get any on your skin or clothing, immediately flush with lots of running water.
- We have our "Environmental Case Study" (see below)
- "Balancing Chemical Equations" PhET weblab
- "Reactants, Products, and Leftovers" PhET weblab (both these weblabs are excellent)
Chemical reaction: The Hot Wheels car is made of zinc diecast metal (Zn), which is easily attacked by nitric acid (HNO3). The entire 1 minute time lapse video is on the right. If someone reminds me, we can try re-creating this during a regular lab session.
|
|
Below: the synthesis of water (H2O) from its elements. This reaction releases a lot of energy, and is the basic reaction used in hydrogen fuel cells.
| 7._reactions_oxidation_numbers_lecture_notes.docx |
Lecture outline
- Chemical formulas
- Oxidation numbers
- Polyatomic ions, or "radicals"
- Naming compounds (nomenclature)
- Writing chemical equations
- Symbols used in chemical equations
- Balancing chemical equations
- Common symbols used in chemical equations
- Five types of chemical reactions
- Synthesis A + B = AB
- Decomposition AB = A + B
- Single replacement A + BC = B + AC
- Double replacement AB + CD = AD + BC
- Combustion CH4 + O2 = CO2 + 2H2O
- Synthesis A + B = AB
Copper Compounds lab
This is a classic series of experiments done in chemistry labs for at least 100 years. We will make - and experiment with - several copper chemical compounds, discussing the reactions that accompany each one.
Copper makes two kinds of salts:
This is a classic series of experiments done in chemistry labs for at least 100 years. We will make - and experiment with - several copper chemical compounds, discussing the reactions that accompany each one.
Copper makes two kinds of salts:
- Cuprous salts (such as cuprous chloride, CuCl) are colorless.
- Cupric salts (such as cupric sulfate, CuSO4) are bright blue in color.
- We can easily make several copper compounds which demonstrate synthesis, replacement, and decomposition reactions. The end results are usually brilliant blue, or greenish-blue, compounds.
Chemical Reactions Homework
| 8._chemical_reactions_homework_problems.docx |
Environmental Case Study (Wastewater in India)
See accompanying video below
See accompanying video below
| 8._environmental__wastewater__case_study.docx |
| solubility_vs_ph_for_6_heavy_metals__from_epa_.png |
| effluent_guidelines__from_clean_water_act_2018_.docx |
| characteristics_of_electroplating_wastewater_in_india_2016.pdf |